David Kaye
Director, International Justice Clinic

Expertise:
Public international law, international humanitarian law, human rights, international criminal justice, the law governing use of force, and freedom of expression
Background:
David Kaye is a clinical professor of law at the University of California, Irvine, and the former United Nations Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression (2014-2020). His 2019 book, Speech Police: The Global Struggle to Govern the Internet (Columbia Global Reports), explores the ways in which companies, governments and activists struggle to define the rules for online expression.
Appointed by the UN Human Rights Council in June 2014, David served through July 2020 as the global body’s principal monitor for freedom of expression issues worldwide. He reported to the UN on COVID-19 and freedom of expression and, in 2019, to the UN General Assembly on online hate speech. His earlier reporting addressed, among other topics, the ways in which Artificial Intelligence technologies implicate human rights issues, the global private surveillance industry and its impact on freedom of expression, growing repression of freedom of expression globally, encryption and anonymity as promoters of freedom of expression, the protection of whistleblowers and journalistic sources, the roles and responsibilities of private Internet companies, and the regulation of online content by social media and search companies. He conducted official missions to Japan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Mexico, Liberia, Ecuador and Ethiopia, and regularly addressed major policy and academic conferences dealing with free expression, technology and media freedom worldwide. Together with the regional monitors of freedom of expression in Europe (OSCE), the African Commission on Human and People’s Rights, and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, he joined six Joint Declarations on major contemporary challenges for free expression and independent media worldwide.
After doing his undergraduate and graduate work at the University of California, Berkeley, he joined the U.S. State Department as a lawyer in 1995. In 2002, while the principal lawyer for international humanitarian law at the State Department, he was an advocate inside government for application of the Geneva Conventions to detainees captured by U.S. forces in Afghanistan, which the United States had invaded in the wake of the attacks of September 11, 2001, or otherwise brought to the U.S. Naval detention facility at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. In addition to his work on human rights and freedom of expression, his academic research and writing have focused on accountability for serious human rights abuses, international humanitarian law, and the international law governing use of force. A member of the Council on Foreign Relations and former member of the Executive Council of the American Society of International Law, he has also published essays in such publications as Foreign Affairs, The New York Times, The Guardian, Reuters, Slate, Foreign Policy, JustSecurity and The Los Angeles Times.
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Book
- David Kaye, Speech Police: The Global Struggle to Govern the Internet (Columbia Global Reports 2019).
Reports Submitted as UN Special Rapporteur
- David Kaye, The Private Surveillance Industry, UN Doc. A/HRC/41/35 (28 May 2019).
- David Kaye, Artificial Intelligence and Freedom of Opinion and Expression, UN Doc. A/73/348 (29 August 2018.
- David Kaye, Company Content Moderation and State Regulation, UN Doc. A/HRC/38/35 (6 April 2018).
- David Kaye, The Right to Information in International Organizations, UN Doc. A/72/350 (18 August 2017).
- David Kaye, Freedom of Expression and the Digital Access Industry, UN Doc. A/HRC/35/22 (30 March 2017).
- David Kaye, Contemporary Challenges to Freedom of Expression, UN Doc. A/71/373 (6 September 2016).
- David Kaye, The Private Sector in the Digital Age, UN Doc. A/HRC/32/38 (11 May 2016).
- David Kaye, The Protection of Sources and Whistleblowers, UN Doc. A/70/361 (8 September 2015).
- David Kaye, Encryption and Anonymity, UN Doc. A/HRC/29/32 (22 May 2015).
Articles, Essays, Reviews
- David Kaye, Legitimacy, Collective Authority and Internet Governance: A Reflection on David Caron’s Study of the UN Security Council, Berkeley Journal of International Law (forthcoming 2019).
- David Kaye, The Limits of Supply-Side Internet Freedom, Knight First Amendment Institute, Emerging Threats Series (June 2018).
- David Kaye, Right is Might, in Committee to Protect Journalists, Attacks on the Press (2017).
- David Kaye, The Council and the Court: Law and Politics in the Rise of the International Criminal Court, 94 Texas Law Review 713 (2016) (book review, with Kal Raustiala).
- David Kaye, Archiving Justice: Conceptualizing the Archives of the United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, Journal of Archival Science (2014).
- Sept. 18, 2019:
Speaker, The Relevance of Human Rights in a Digital World, National Academy of Sciences Human Rights and Digital Technologies Symposium, Washington, DC - Sept. 16, 2019:
Featured Speaker, Speech Police: The Global Struggle to Govern the Internet, 3rd Annual Global Leaders Lecture, Emory Law, Atlanta, GA - Sept. 9, 2019:
Featured Speaker, Speech Police: The Global Struggle to Govern the Internet, World Affairs Council of Greater Houston, Houston, TX - Aug. 26, 2019:
Featured Speaker, Engage & Enlighten, Museum of Ventura County, Ventura, CA - July 13, 2019:
Conversation with the UN Special Rapporteur, ORGCON Digital Rights Conference, London, United Kingdom - July 10, 2019:
Panelist, The Joint Declaration on Challenges to Freedom of Expression, Foreign Office Conference on Media Freedom, Printworks, London, United Kingdom - July 9, 2019:
Book Talk: Speech Police, Sponsored by Index on Censorship and Article 19, Wayra, London, United Kingdom - July 4, 2019:
Who Owns the Internet? Lecture and Panelist, Special Event at De Rode Hoed Event Space, Amsterdam, The Netherlands - June 28, 2019:
Disinformation and International Human Rights Law, Keynote Lecture, Conference of the Free Russia Foundation, The Hague, The Netherlands - June 6, 2019:
Speech Police: Lecture, Carnegie Council on Ethics and International Affairs, New York, NY (video available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W6PDZ-o5Khg). - June 5, 2019:
Speech Police: Book Talk and Panel with Anne-Marie Slaughter and Rebecca Mackinnon, New America Foundation, Washington, DC (video available at https://www.newamerica.org/oti/events/speech-police/). - June 3, 2019:
Speech Police: Book Talk and Interview, World Affairs, San Francisco, CA (video available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DPznSfJTXjE). - May 20, 2019:
Speaker, Speech Police: The Global Struggle to Govern the Internet, Cambridge Public Library, Cambridge, MA (video available at https://vimeo.com/338940806) - May 18, 2019:
Speaker, Rights Night: 1st Amendment, ALOUD, Library Foundation of Los Angeles and ACLU SoCal, Los Angeles, CA - March 25, 2019:
Keynote Speaker, Targeted, Monitored and Silenced: Digital Attacks on Open Societies and the Freedom of Expression, Centre for Human Rights and Legal Pluralism, McGill University Law School, Montreal, Canada - Feb. 26, 2018:
Keynote Speaker, “Artificial Intelligence and the Information Environment,” High-Level Conference: Governing the Game Changer – Impacts of Artificial Intelligence Development on Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law, Council of Europe, Helsinki, Finland - Feb. 23, 2018:
Speaker, Controlling the Conversation: The Ethics of Social Platforms and Content Moderation, Annenberg Innovation Lab, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA - Feb. 15, 2019:
Speaker, Can Social Media Be Fixed? (And Do They Need Fixing?), Ziffren Center for Media, Entertainment, Technology and Sports Law, UCLA Law, Los Angeles, CA - Feb. 5, 2018:
Featured Speaker. Human Rights Luncheon. American Bar Association 2018 Midyear Meeting. Vancouver, BC - April 25, 2017:
Speaker, “The International State of Digital Rights,” Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society, Harvard University - April 13, 2017:
Speaker, Artistic Freedom around the World: Challenges, Standards & Definitions workshop, Creative Artists Agency, Los Angeles - March 23, 2017:
Moderator, Freedom of Opinion and Expression in Cuba, UC Irvine School of Law - Dec. 12, 2016:
Speaker, “The Global Retreat from Reality: What the Assault on Freedom of Expression Means for Democracy’s Future,” International Human Rights Day event, Minerva Center for Human Rights at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem - Nov. 4, 2016:
Keynote speaker, Freedom of Information Laws on the Global Stage: Past, Present and Future symposium, Southwestern Law School - Oct. 28, 2016:
Keynote Speaker, IP and Human Rights Symposium, UC Irvine School of Law - Sept. 28, 2016:
Panelist, “Killing the Chicken to Scare the Monkey: Filmmaking in the Time of Censorship”, Getting Real ’16 conference, Los Angeles - Sept. 20, 2016:
Panelist, “Fueling Extremism in a Wired World,” Eighth Annual Linda and Tony Rubin Lecture, Skirball Cultural Center, Los Angeles - April 12-19, 2016:
UN Special Rapporteur official visit to Japan to explore media independence, access to information, other issues
- AP: Prof. Kaye comments on press freedom, repression of independent media and the global rise in authoritarian governments
- UCI Law: UCI Law Clinic Director David Kaye's Appointment as UN Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Speech Comes to an End; International Justice Clinic Reflects on Invaluable Experience Gained
- Amanpour and Company: WATCH: Prof. Kaye discusses threats to freedom of expression, digital rights, disinformation and the COVID-19 pandemic
- Council on Foreign Relations: WATCH: Prof. Kaye discusses the role of government and private sector in combating online misinformation and safeguarding freedom of expression
- Global Network Initiative: Prof. Kaye to join Global Network Initiative as independent Board Chair
- UCI Law: UCI Law Professor David Kaye to Testify in U.S. Helsinki Commission Congressional Hearing
- UN OHCHR: WATCH: Prof. Kaye gives press conference on global trends related to freedom of expression
- UN Web TV: Prof. Kaye presents final report to UN Human Rights Council as special rapporteur
- Poynter: Prof. Kaye quoted on crisis of freedom of expression during the COVID-19 pandemic
- UOL Noticias: Prof. Kaye comments on Brazil’s “fake news” bill, threat to democratic debate
- CJR: Prof. Kaye quoted on legal protections for expression related to public interest
- Channel 4: WATCH: Prof. Kaye discusses attacks against journalists, freedom of expression
- NBC News: Prof. Kaye quoted on inconsistencies in Facebook’s claims of commitment to protecting free speech
- Foreign Policy: Prof. Kaye quoted on Trump executive order imposing sanctions on International Criminal Court staff
- Foreign Policy: Prof. Kaye writes on the dichotomy of U.S. human rights policy at home and abroad and provides steps for institutional change
- New York Times: Prof. Kaye quoted on Snapchat’s move to stop promoting Trump’s account
- Silicon Flatirons: WATCH: Prof. Kaye discusses Trump’s executive order targeting social media companies and online speech
- PRI: LISTEN: Prof. Kaye discusses Trump’s executive order aimed at rolling back social media liability protections
- NPR Up First: LISTEN: Prof. Kaye discusses Twitter’s move to introduce fact check warnings on Trump’s tweets on vote-by-mail
- Slate: Prof. Kaye quoted on France’s online hate speech law
- Just Security: Prof. Kaye Q&A on COVID-19 and freedom of expression
- Lawfare Podcast: LISTEN: Prof. Kaye discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on freedom of opinion and expression
- Global Dispatches Podcast: LISTEN: Prof. Kaye discusses how the COVID-19 pandemic has been used to stifle freedom of expression, media and access to information
- CJR: Q&A with Prof. Kaye on Facebook’s Oversight Board
- The Verge: Prof. Kaye quoted on Facebook’s Oversight Board
- Reuters: Prof. Kaye quoted on Facebook Oversight Board efficacy
- National Academies: WATCH: Prof. Kaye discusses technology and human rights at Human Rights and Digital Technologies Symposium
- Just Security: Prof. Kaye writes on the Facebook Oversight Board and the self-regulation of social media companies
- The Guardian: Prof. Kaye quoted on the role of government, social media in halting anti-lockdown protests
- Foreign Policy: Prof. Kaye quoted on Tencent Holdings role in Beijing’s surveillance efforts
- Media Insider: Prof. Kaye discusses Section 230 and future of web freedom in a post-coronavirus world
- ICFJ: WATCH: Prof. Kaye discusses media freedom threats and COVID-19
- BBC: Prof. Kaye quoted on governmental use of medical surveillance during health crises, need for judicial oversight
- Washington Post: Prof. Kaye quotes on threats to journalists during the coronavirus pandemic
- The Guardian: Prof. Kaye quoted on use of technology by governments to help control coronavirus, need for rule of law standards
- Reuters: Prof. Kaye quoted on critical need for internet access during times of crisis, such as the coronavirus pandemic
- National Observer: Prof. Kaye quoted on restriction of information, speech during public health crises
- Recode Decode Podcast: LISTEN: Prof. Kaye discusses the Jeff Bezos phone hack, government suppression of information, and the danger of internet companies and government entities collecting data
- The Hill: Prof. Kaye quoted on legal threats against journalists in Brazil
- The Guardian: Prof. Kaye comments on UK government decision to host spyware firm
- Kotaku Australia: Prof. Kaye quoted on how online platforms have become institutions of governance by policing content
- KCRW Press Play: LISTEN: Prof. Kaye discusses how Jeff Bezos got hacked and potential motivation behind the attack
- The Wall Street Journal: Prof. Kaye quoted on surveillance, hacking of Jeff Bezos in attempt to influence news coverage of Saudi Arabia
- New York Times: Prof. Kaye comments on the threats of the private surveillance industry amid Jeff Bezos phone hack
- The Guardian: Prof. Kaye quoted on Jeff Bezos phone hack, campaign to target individuals close to Khashoggi
- The Guardian: Prof. Kaye issues call for investigation over evidence of apparent surveillance of Jeff Bezos, possible involvement of crown prince of Saudi Arabia
- Bloomberg: Prof. Kaye quoted on Jeff Bezos phone hack, need for government to investigate private surveillance industry
- Counterspeak: LISTEN: Prof. Kaye discusses his book “Speech Police,” government censorship and the internet
- Washington Post: Prof. Kaye quoted on importance of having senior leadership support human rights efforts in corporations
- New York Times: Prof. Kaye quoted on proposed hate speech law in Ethiopia
- Lawfare Podcast: LISTEN: Prof. Kaye discusses internet hate speech, human rights, and his book “Speech Police”
- Rockefeller Foundation Solvable Podcast: LISTEN: Prof. Kaye discusses freedom of expression and regulating free speech online
- National Observer: Prof. Kaye quoted on digital censorship and surveillance, online interference, and human rights
- CNN: Prof. Kaye discusses the internet shutdown in Iran amid anti-government protests
- New York Times: Prof. Kaye quoted on NSO Group’s new human rights and whistleblower policies, spyware reform
- Knight Foundation: Knight Foundation awards $170K to support two projects led by Profs. Hasen and Kaye
- The Daily Star: Prof. Kaye quoted on prevalence of online hate speech
- CPJ: Prof. Kaye comments on Indian government’s attempt to suppress Kashmiri journalism on Twitter
- Daily Maverick: Prof. Kaye quoted on regulation of surveillance industry tools, need for human rights safeguards
- Vice: Prof. Kaye quoted on the use of NSO Group’s Pegasus technology to track journalists and political dissidents
- National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine: Prof. Kaye discusses human rights, social media and technology in keynote
- Deutsche Welle: Prof. Kaye discusses spread of surveillance technology, lack of regulation
- Axios: Prof. Kaye quoted on need for moratorium on spyware, surveillance tools
- Euronews: Prof. Kaye quoted on internet outage and communication shutdowns in Kashmir
- BYU Radio Top of Mind: LISTEN: Prof. Kaye discusses governmental policing of online hate speech
- Deseret News: Prof. Kaye discusses communication blackout in Kashmir, the Internet as a tool for freedom of expression
- HuffPost: Q&A with Prof. Kaye on the communication blackout in Kashmir
- Reddit: Q&A with Prof. Kaye on his role with the UN, human rights, freedom of expression, social media and "Speech Police
- The Guardian: Prof. Kaye quoted on communications blackout in Kashmir
- AP: Prof. Kaye comments on regulating online speech in U.S.
- New York Times: Prof. Kaye comments on Japanese news media culture
- OneZero: Prof. Kaye: A New Constitution for Content Moderation
- Reuters: Prof. Kaye discusses use of surveillance technology, spyware and freedom of expression
- OneZero: Prof. Kaye comments on internet content regulation
- The American Interest: Prof. Kaye comments on internet regulation
- Dallas News: Dallas Morning News posts excerpt from Prof. Kaye’s new book, “Speech Police”
- Al Jazeera: Al Jazeera English interviews Prof. Kaye on freedom of speech worldwide
- Slate: Prof. Kaye: The Clash Over Regulating Online Speech
- New America: WATCH: Prof. Kaye participates in panel discussion on online hate speech, free speech
- Columbia Journalism Review: Prof. Kaye discusses content moderation and freedom of expression
- KQED: Prof. Kaye discusses his new book “Speech Police,” regulation of social media, freedom of expression
- MarketWatch: Prof. Kaye comments on need for Facebook to develop fake media policy
- TechDirt Podcast: Prof. Kaye discusses government regulation of social media platforms, the future of Facebook
- Kirkus Review: Prof. Kaye’s new book is an essential contribution to the discussion of free speech
- 9to5Mac: Prof. Kaye comments on European legislation controlling freedom of expression
- New York Times: Prof. Kaye comments on European legislation reigning in online content
- ABA Journal: Prof. Kaye comments on Facebook’s plan to create judicial-like body to address controversial speech
- New York Times: Prof. Kaye quoted detainment of Ola Bini in Ecuador
- NBC News: Prof. Kaye comments on how governments and companies are handling online speech
- Forbes: Prof. Kaye comments on EU copyright directive
- Washington Post: Prof. Kaye comments on filtering technologies, copyright violations and censorship
- Washington Post: Prof. Kaye comments on jailed Philippine journalist, need for accountability and transparency from Facebook
- University of California: Prof. Kaye named to UC National Center for Free Speech and Civic Engagement academic advisory board
- Al Jazeera: Prof. Kaye comments on network shutdown, access to information in DR Congo
- NPR Moring Edition: LISTEN: Prof. Kaye discusses Netflix removal of ‘Patriot Act’ episode in Saudi Arabia
- Politico: Prof. Kaye comments on role of government in spreading disinformation
- ABSCBN News: Prof. Kaye calls on Philippine government to drop criminal cases filed against journalist, news outlet
- The Independent: Prof. Kaye comments on need to establish investigative team to report on Khashoggi’s murder
- Techdirt Podcast: LISTEN: Prof. Kaye discusses artificial intelligence technology, free speech and human rights
- KCBS: Prof. Kaye discusses value of having independent international investigation into Khashoggi’s death
- UCI Law: Prof. Kaye Reports on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights at UN General Assembly
- NPR All Things Considered: LISTEN: Prof. Kaye discusses call for international investigation into disappearance of Jamal Khashoggi
- Washington Post: Prof. Kaye op-ed: Only a U.N. investigation of Khashoggi’s disappearance could lead to the truth
- Wall Street Journal: Prof. Kaye calls for independent investigation into disappearance of Saudi journalist in Turkey
- Columbia Journalism Review: Prof. Kaye comments on violence, dangers facing members of the press in Kashmir
- Sydney Morning Herald: Prof. Kaye comments on Australian cybersecurity bill, online surveillance and privacy
- Bloggingheads.tv: WATCH: Prof. Kaye discusses freedom of expression, social media and content regulation
- Boing Boing: Prof. Kaye quoted on EU’s proposal to limit linking and censor copyrighted materials
- Quartz: Prof. Kaye quoted on Trump’s comments on Google search results
- ABC News: Prof. Kaye comments on the role of the press, language used by President Trump
- Deutsche Welle: Prof. Kaye expresses concern over Trump’s attacks on the media
- BBC Radio 4: LISTEN: Prof. Kaye discusses statement on Trump’s attacks on media
- The Hill: Prof. Kaye says Trump attacks on media violates freedom of the press norms
- Reuters: Prof. Kaye says Trump’s verbal attacks against media may lead to violence against journalists
- BBC: Prof. Kaye issues statement about Trump’s attacks on media
- The Guardian: Prof. Kaye comments on Trump’s attack on media, risk of violence against members of the press
- UN Dispatch: LISTEN: Prof. Kaye discusses regulation of content on Twitter and Facebook
- Sur International Journal on Human Rights: Prof. Kaye discusses Net Neutrality and human rights in the digital age
- UN Human Rights: Prof. Kaye comments on rules, regulation of online free speech
- Politico: Prof. Kaye comments on European Union’s proposed copyright reforms
- New York Times: Prof. Kaye comments on campaign over European Parliament bill that would impose strict copyright laws
- Reuters: Prof. Kaye quoted on government restrictions of fake news, freedom of expression
- Reuters: Prof. Kaye op-ed: How to ‘fix’ social media without censorship
- Knight First Amendment Institute Blog: Prof. Kaye: The limits of supply-side internet freedom
- Time: Prof. Kaye comments on Cambodia’s law that prohibits insulting, criticizing its monarchy
- Expresso: Prof. Kaye gives Q&A on the criminalization of misinformation and ‘fake news’
- The Intercept: Prof. Kaye comments on uptick of attacks on journalists in Syria
- Digital Trends: Prof. Kaye says definition of fake news is too broad, requires scrutiny
- Reuters: Prof. Kaye urges Malaysia government not to rush fake news legislation
- CNET: Prof. Kaye comments on Malaysia’s move to make fake news illegal
- Poynter: Prof. Kaye cited in ‘EU fake news roundup’
- Daily Observer: Prof. Kaye comments on Liberia’s progress in freedom of expression, media independence, gov. transparency
- VOA Afrique: Prof. Kaye discusses Liberia’s post-civil war progress, calls for increased transparency
- NEws 24: Prof. Kaye says Liberia needs to expand freedom of expression, media independence, and government transparency
- The Guardian Prof. Kaye comments on Turkish court sentence of journalists to life in prison
- The Independent: Prof. Kaye says use of automated algorithms monitoring online content can lead to over-regulation, incentivized censorship
- Reuters: Prof. Kaye part of U.N. team to issue statement urging Philippines to allow independent news website to operate
- CPJ Blog: Prof. Kaye cited for report on German hate speech law
- Arkansas Online: Prof. Kaye comments on Facebook’s news prioritization system
- The New York Times: Prof. Kaye comments on Facebook’s news credibility ranking system
- Global Investigative Journalism Network: Prof. Kaye op-ed: State Censorship: The Other Travel Ban
- The Takeaway: LISTEN: Prof. Kaye discusses new German hate speech law and its effect on social media
- Kommersant: Prof. Kaye granted permission by European Court of Human Rights to intervene in case involving censorship of websites critical of the Kremlin
- Le Monde: Prof. Kaye discusses violence against Mexican press, recent visit with journalists in Q&A
- Reuters: Prof. Kaye, U.N. team warn Mexico of crisis in journalists' safety
- Index on Censorship: Prof. Kaye op-ed: The other travel ban
- ZDNet: Prof. Kaye sends letter to Apple’s Tim Cook asking about removal of VPN apps from China App Store
- International Bar Association: Prof. Kaye discusses "fake news" and the potential problems with regulating it
- NY Times: Prof. Kaye comments on Nikki Haley presiding over "thematic debate" on human rights
- Jewish Journal: Prof. Kaye writes in support of U.S. re-commitment to UN Human Rights Council
- iAfrikan News: Prof. Kaye condemns Internet shutdown in Cameroon
- The Seattle Times: Prof. Kaye: Other countries will adopt social media scanning policy if the U.S. does
- The Guardian: Prof. Kaye writes: How do you solve a problem like Milo Yiannopoulos at Berkeley?
- ABC Radio (Australia): LISTEN: Prof. Kaye discusses Trump's executive orders, legal challenges, and the rule of law
- CNET: Prof. Kaye urges Obama to consider a pardon for Edward Snowden
- The Independent: Prof. Kaye raises concerns about UK Digital Economy Bill giving government access to viewing habits and citizen data
- The Guardian: Prof. Kaye quoted: British bill requiring age verification on porn websites poses risks to individuals’ privacy
